urine and seum osmolalities

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2014 9os 01
malnutrition-inflammation-cachexia syndrome (MICS) . . . .

Combined High Serum Ferritin and Low Iron Saturation in Hemodialysis Patients: The Role of Inflammation

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A 36-year-old man from China presents with increasing fatigue.
He has a 3-year history of tuberculosis, and CBC shows a mild
microcytic anemia. Blood work-up demonstrates low serum
iron, low iron-binding capacity, and increased serum ferritin.
The pathogenesis of anemia in this patient is most likely
caused by which of the following mechanisms?
(A) Clonal stem cell defect
(B) Hypoxemia
++++(C) Impaired utilization of iron from storage sites
(D) Synthesis of structurally abnormal globin chains
(E) Toxic damage to bone marrow stem cells
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